麻豆无码版

Governments across the globe increasingly put action to tackle climate change at the top of their agenda. People鈥檚 opinions, whether for or against action on pressing issues such as climate change, play a crucial role in political mobilisation, and consequentially in policy actions. Understanding how people in various parts of the world perceive climate change and the associated urgency helps gauge global political will to tackle climate change and provides crucial background information on regional hurdles to or drivers of a climate-friendly transition.

For a global challenge that demands a globally coordinated response, people鈥檚 opinions about local, national and international climate politics and policies are relevant. Global surveys about climate change also provide a rare opportunity to understand how various factors, such as geographical location, education or income level, come into play to build people鈥檚 perceptions.

Surveys reviewed in this factsheet indicate that people generally agree that climate change is happening, and it is one of the most pressing concerns across the globe. At the same time, a stark difference of opinions about how to distribute responsibilities among people from various parts of the world emerges. This clash of opinions mirrors the conflict between advanced and developing economies in international climate politics. The developing economies, which tend to be more vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, demand that the industrially advanced countries, which have historically contributed a higher share of global emissions, take more responsibility and support them in their climate change-related transition.

People across the world are confronted with the changing climate through their personal exposure to unusual and extreme weather patterns, eroding ecosystems or increased frequency of natural disasters. A growing number of climate change-driven incidents is shaping how people perceive climate change and the related threats. Recurring global polls about climate change provide a unique opportunity to understand how people鈥檚 points of view evolve.

Pew Research Center鈥檚 annual shows that the share of people across the world who consider climate change a 鈥渕ajor threat鈥� has been steadily growing. In 2014, 54 percent (average of all surveyed countries) were of this opinion. The average jumped to 62 percent in 2017 and to 71 percent in 2022, showcasing the rapid change in people鈥檚 perceptions. The group of countries surveyed in these three years varied slightly, influencing the average of each year. 56 percent of people globally told the UNDP's they were thinking about climate change regularly, i.e. daily or weekly. More than half of people globally said they were more worried than last year about climate change.

The , which is conducted at the beginning of each year, likewise reveal the changing perceptions of climate change.

At an average 80 percent, respondents in 50 countries to the 2023 agreed that 鈥淲e are heading towards an environmental disaster unless we change our habits quickly.鈥� The polls indicate that people in developing economies are more concerned about environmental degradation, including the effects of climate change. Over 90 percent of respondents from Indonesia, Zambia and Vietnam expressed concern.

The 2023 also provides granular insights into how threat perception varies across socio-demographic groups. Overall, the survey shows that age, employment status and gender do not drastically influence how threat is perceived. Respondents with higher education and with higher income are slightly more concerned.

Overall, a majority of people are demanding climate action. On average, 80 percent of people in each country participating in the focused on international attitudes towards climate policies said that 鈥渢heir country should fight climate change.鈥� Similarly, on average, 66 percent of people in 29 countries in the 2023 poll agreed that 鈥渢heir country should do more in the fight against climate change.鈥�

However, a different picture emerges when the respondents are asked for opinions about their country's responsibility and efforts to tackle climate change from an international perspective.

The 2023 asked respondents in 29 countries whether 鈥渢heir country is being asked to sacrifice too much to tackle climate change.鈥� A significant share of respondents in both developed economies (an average of 30% in the 17 developed countries surveyed) and developing economies (an average of 38% in the 12 countries surveyed) share this sentiment.

On average, 70 percent of respondents in the 29 countries surveyed in the overwhelmingly agreed that the 鈥渄eveloped countries should do more to combat climate change.鈥� While support for the above statement was the lowest in developed economies, such as Canada (62%), the Netherlands (61%), the United States (58%) or Japan (58%), the majority of respondents in all the countries surveyed agreed to this statement.

The responses to the Open Society Foundation's survey question of whether 鈥渉igh-income countries should take the lead in reducing global greenhouse emissions鈥� matched those of the Earth Day survey. With a global country average of 79 percent, respondents acknowledged the developed economies鈥� responsibilities. Support here was the lowest 鈥� 59 percent 鈥� in Germany.

While there is an overwhelming consensus that the industrialised economies should pay more and take the lead in fighting climate change, people still want all countries to contribute to these efforts. When asked 鈥淲hich countries do you think should be paying to reduce carbon emissions?鈥� in the International Monetary Fund鈥檚 , more than 50 percent of respondents in all 28 countries surveyed chose 鈥渁ll countries.鈥� The global average of countries in support of the 鈥渁ll countries鈥� option stood at 64 percent against an average 20 percent for 鈥渙nly rich countries.鈥� In the same survey, there was significantly higher support (47%) for the 鈥渃ountries paying to reduce carbon emissions based on their current emissions鈥� option than for the 鈥渃ountries paying to reduce carbon emissions based on their past emissions鈥� option (32%).

Edelman Trust Barometer

Since 2000, Edelman, a global public relations and marketing consultancy firm, has studied trust in four pillars of society: government, business, media and civil society. The听听is one of the rare recurring surveys that already has more than 20 editions. In its听, 鈥榗limate change/global warming鈥� appeared for the first time as a societal issue. But at the time, it was not considered the most important issue in any of the 28 countries participating in the survey. Since 2020, climate change-related questions have regularly featured in the Edelman Trust Barometer, reflecting the growing importance of the issue.听Since 2021, the Barometer also started conducting a yearly survey focused on climate change. found a significant reduction in trust in 听government, business, media and civil society 鈥渢o do the right thing when it comes to climate change,鈥� with media seeing the largest drop (-9pp).

reveals that people have the lowest level of trust in climate information coming from government leaders, CEOs, and journalists. Most respondents trust scientific experts, but the overall level of trust declined.

听

Surveys by Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism

Since 2022, the Oxford Climate Journalism Network (OCJN), which is part of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, is conducting to understand patterns in climate change news consumption across the world. The surveys focus on the same eight countries from four continents.

The finds that on average more than half (55%) of the respondents in each country accessed climate change news and information on a weekly basis. There is a noticeable variation among the surveyed countries: the share varies from less than half in India (44%) to almost two-thirds in Germany (65%). The share of people regularly accessing climate change news rose in every country in 2023 except in Pakistan.

The highlights that on average, half of the people in the surveyed countries trust news media as a source of climate news. Compared to 2022, on average, there is only a slight reduction in trust in news media, but trust significantly dropped in Germany (-11 pp) and the UK (-6pp).

The survey found a widespread concern about general misinformation. On average, 82 percent of people expressed concern in each of the countries. A very similar picture emerges when it comes to climate information. On average, 27 percent of people in each surveyed country 鈥渢hink they saw false or misleading information鈥� about it in the last week. In India, France, the UK and Germany, people said they observed more misinformation about climate change than about politics or government policies.

The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism conducts听听to understand how digital news are being consumed across the world. In听听across 46 countries for the institute, a significant share of news consumers said they were relying on various social media platforms to access news about climate change. Thirty-seven percent of Twitter and Instagram users, and 36, 35, 33 and 28 percent of YouTube, Facebook, TikTok and Snapchat users, respectively, said that they 鈥減ay close attention to climate change-related news鈥� on these platforms.