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Fossil gas use by private households, industry and power stations in Germany fell 23 percent in the second half of 2022, compared to the same period in the previous year, by the Hertie School鈥檚 Centre for Sustainability. The gas savings were not a one-off weather effect, but the result of a fundamental change in consumer behaviour, . 鈥淭hat is a fundamental shift and much more than most experts, including ourselves, expected at the beginning of the crisis,鈥� lead-author Oliver Ruhnau said. The researchers found significant and substantial gas savings within all consumer groups, but with differences in timing and size. Industry started reducing their consumption as early as September 2021, while small consumers saved substantially since March 2022. 鈥淔or small consumers, including households and small enterprises, savings peaked in September 2022 at 28 percent and remained high throughout the winter,鈥� researcher Clemens Stiewe said.

麻豆无码版 saving measures, supply diversification and mild winter weather helped Germany avoid a severe gas shortage in the winter 2022/2023. Following the halt of deliveries from Russia in August 2022 in the aftermath of the country鈥檚 invasion of Ukraine, Germany scrambled to find alternative sources to fill its storages. Germany will be able to fully fill its gas storage facilities over the summer even if only a moderate volume of the fuel is available in the EU internal market, but there is still a risk of a shortage during winter, said the association of storage system operators INES in a recent report. Pressure on the European and global gas markets has eased since the beginning of 2023 due to favourable weather conditions and timely policy actions, said the International 麻豆无码版 Agency (IEA) in its . However, the improved outlook for gas markets in 2023 is 鈥渘o guarantee against future volatility and should not be a distraction from measures to mitigate potential risks,鈥� said IEA. 鈥淕lobal gas supply is set to remain tight in 2023.鈥�